The installation of warning and evacuation control systems is carried out in accordance with the Law of 01.10.2029 N ZRU-226 “On Fire safety” and the rules of 20.10.2020 N 649 “Fire Safety Rules” dated 20.10.2020 N 649 and the manufacturer’s technical documentation. The purpose of these systems is to promptly and clearly inform people in the event of a fire in order to organize timely evacuation.

When designing and installing, the type of warning and evacuation control systems is taken into account, depending on the functionality and area of the facility. There are 5 types of systems: from simple sound systems (type 1-2) for small buildings to multifunctional complexes (type 3-5) that provide voice notification, direction indication, and division of an object into zones to create a staged evacuation.

The method of laying cable lines

Fire-resistant cable products (FRLS, FRHF) laid in metal pipes or ducts are used for warning and evacuation control systems. The routes are carried out along the load-bearing elements, in protected channels. Only cables that do not lose their functionality during a fire during a specified time are allowed.

Arrangement of system elements

The speakers and indicators are placed evenly so that there are no gaps in audibility in each zone. The sound level must exceed the background noise by at least 15 dB, and the speech clarity must be at least 75%. Additionally, light direction indicators are installed, visible from anywhere in the room.

Integration with other systems

Warning and evacuation management systems are integrated into the overall architecture of fire protection — in conjunction with APS, smoke extraction systems, elevator shafts and ACS. Upon receiving a signal from the fire sensors, the alarm and evacuation control systems are automatically activated in a preset logic for each zone of the facility.

Power supply and redundancy

Two-channel power supply and backup power sources are provided for alarm and evacuation control systems. The allowed battery life of the system is at least 24 hours in standby mode and at least 1 hour in emergency mode.

Acceptance and inspections

When the system is put into operation, checks are performed: measuring the sound level at control points, checking voice messages, evaluating the visibility of direction indicators, testing the logic of switching between different evacuation zones. The permissible sound level deviations are not more than 5%.

The installation of warning and evacuation management systems is carried out by organizations licensed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Only certified equipment and fire-resistant cable products are allowed. The quality of the installation is checked as part of a commission check, the results are documented in certificates. Strict compliance with these requirements ensures stable and efficient operation of warning and evacuation management systems in fire conditions.

 

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Fire suppression systems (FSS) are critical for effectively preventing and extinguishing fires. However, to ensure these systems remain reliable and fully functional, regular maintenance and performance inspections are essential.

Why maintenance and inspection are necessary

All equipment degrades over time. Pipes, connectors, valves, and electronic components of fire suppression systems can lose their reliability due to wear, corrosion, pressure loss, or software failures. Without timely inspections and repairs, the system may fail to operate during a fire.

Moreover, operating without proper maintenance violates fire safety regulations and can result in fines or business suspension. Inspections confirm that the system is ready to perform key functions: deliver the extinguishing agent, activate actuators, and run the automated control and alert systems.

Regulatory framework

Maintenance and inspection are regulated:

• Technical regulations in the field of fire safety;
• UzTR. 536-039:2022 General Technical Regulations “On Fire Safety and requirements for fire extinguishing equipment”;
• The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, dated 30.09.2009, No. ZRU-226;
• No. 649 Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On approval of fire safety rules”;
• Passports and equipment instructions.

By law, maintenance can only be performed by an organization licensed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations. The personnel carrying out the work must have the appropriate qualifications and certificates.

Key maintenance procedures

A standard maintenance and inspection routine includes:

1. Visual inspection of all components — pipes, nozzles, pumps, gas modules.
2. Integrity checks — looking for corrosion, damage, or leaks.
3. Testing actuators — valves, dampers, pumps.
4. Monitoring pressure levels and extinguishing agent flow rates.
5. Verifying automatic components — sensors, control panels, alarm systems.
6. Preventive maintenance — flushing pipes, replacing worn or damaged parts.
7. Test activations — simulating actual fire response scenarios.
8. Documentation — preparing a service report with all findings and actions taken.

All tasks are performed in strict accordance with the design and technical documentation.

Inspection frequency

The frequency depends on the system type and is defined in the project documentation:

• Gas systems — every 6 months.
• Water- and foam-based systems — at least once a year.
• Unscheduled inspections — after malfunctions, repairs, or building modifications.

Regular servicing helps ensure reliability and regulatory compliance.

Who is responsible?

The owner of the facility is legally responsible for ensuring timely system maintenance. However, only certified contractors with EMERCOM licenses are allowed to carry out the work. Their technicians inspect, test, repair the systems, and provide the required documentation.

Conclusion

Maintaining and regularly inspecting fire suppression systems is a legal obligation and a critical safety measure. With proper oversight and timely maintenance, FSS can reliably protect people and property from fire-related hazards.

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1. Availability of a license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations

One of the main signs of the legality of the company’s work is the availability of a valid license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations for the installation, maintenance and repair of fire safety equipment for buildings and structures. Without such a license, the organization has no right to carry out work on the installation of fire alarms, warning systems, fire extinguishing and other components.

Recommendation: Check the availability of the license through the open registry of the Ministry of Emergency Situations or request a copy from the contractor.

2. Work experience and specialization

Reliable contractors have significant experience in the field of fire safety, rather than engaging in it “along the way” with other types of engineering work.

What is important to consider:

• How long has the company been on the market?
• Are there any implemented objects that are similar in scale and type to yours?
• Are there any positive reviews from previous customers?

Recommendation: Request a portfolio and a list of completed objects. Pay attention to the facilities in your industry — warehouse, office, production, etc.

3. In-house designers and engineers

Companies that employ qualified designers, engineers and installers can not only install the system, but also competently design it taking into account the requirements of the joint venture, GOST and Laws.

Recommendation: Specify who is developing the project, carrying out installation and commissioning — your own specialists or subcontractors.

4. Transparent contract and estimate

The responsible organization always works under an official contract with clearly defined terms, deadlines, scope of work and warranty. The estimate should make it clear what exactly you are paying for — the cost of equipment, installation work, commissioning, commissioning, etc.

Recommendation: Avoid contractors offering “turnkey everything without documents” or without cost breakdown.

5. Warranty and follow-up service

A reliable contractor provides a guarantee not only for the equipment, but also for the work performed, and also offers a contract for subsequent maintenance.

Recommendation: Pay attention to the warranty period and the possibility of concluding a long-term service agreement.

6. Knowledge of current regulations

The field of fire safety is strictly regulated by law. The contractor must be aware of the latest changes in:

• rulebooks;
• Technical regulations on fire safety requirements;
• Resolutions of the Government and the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Recommendation: Ask the contractor clarifying questions about how he takes these standards into account in his work, and who is responsible for compliance with design decisions.

The documents, reputation, and professional approach of the contractor should be carefully checked. Only in this case, you can be sure that the system will work properly, and the facility will successfully pass all inspections by the supervisory authorities.

 

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Fire safety systems are a key element of protecting facilities from fires and the consequences associated with fires. Even if there is a competent project, errors at the installation stage can lead to system malfunction at a critical moment. Below we will look at the most common mistakes when installing fire safety systems and ways to prevent them.

1. Non-compliance with project documentation

Error: Installation is performed without following the approved project exactly, for example, the location of the equipment, the type of cables, or the traces are broken.

Risks: The logic of the system is disrupted, the detection efficiency is reduced, failures or false alarms are possible.

Solution: Strict execution of installation work in accordance with the working documentation. All deviations must be agreed with the designer and reflected in the executive documentation.

2. Poor-quality connections and switching

Error: Use of twists, unreliable terminals, lack of soldering or crimping, violation of labeling.

Risks: Circuit breakage, signal instability, equipment failure.

Solution: The use of professional mounting tools, the use of certified connecting elements, checking all circuits with an ohmmeter and marking all cables according to the scheme.

3. Violation of cable laying requirements

Error: Laying the cable near power lines, without protective pipes, in areas of possible mechanical damage.

Risks: Impact on low-current signals, insulation damage, short circuits.

Solution: Observing the distances between cables of different systems, using cable ducts, metal hoses, and protective boxes. Following SP 6.13130 and PUE.

4. Incorrect installation of the detectors

Mistake: Detectors are installed too close to ventilation grilles, fixtures, windows, or in “dead” areas of the room.

Risks: Delay or inability to detect a fire, false alarms.

Solution: Calculation and placement of sensors according to SP 484.1311500.2020 and equipment certificates. Conducting smoke and heat tests after installation.

5. Lack of grounding and backup power

Error: Ignoring grounding requirements when connecting equipment, saving on uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).

Risks: Damage to equipment during power surges, failure during power outage.

Solution: Installation of a ground loop in accordance with the PUE and SNiP, mandatory installation of a UPS with sufficient autonomy.

6. Lack of testing and adjustment

Error: The system is put into operation without a comprehensive check and setting of operating modes.

Risks: Undetected defects, inconsistencies in the logic of operation, inconsistencies with other engineering systems (notification, ventilation, elevators).

Solution: Start-up and commissioning works with full logging. Mandatory testing of all circuits, modules, and operating scenarios.

7. Violation of the rules of delivery and acceptance

Error: The object is being rented without executive documentation, acts of hidden work, certificates for equipment.

Risks: An operating permit will not be obtained, fines and the need for alterations are possible.

Solution: Maintaining a complete documentation package during the installation process. Verification of all regulatory requirements before handing over the facility.

Conclusion

Errors in the installation of fire safety systems are not just technical flaws, but a potential threat to life, health and property. Problems can be avoided if qualified specialists are involved, high-quality materials are used and the regulatory framework is strictly observed. Remember: the correct installation of the system depends on its reliability in an emergency situation.

 

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Warehouses, regardless of their business profile, require special attention in terms of fire safety. Storing large amounts of products, often flammable or flammable, makes such facilities vulnerable to fires. The design of a fire alarm system (SPS) must take into account not only the requirements of regulations, but also the actual operating conditions.

Features of warehouse facilities

Designing an ATP in a warehouse requires an individual approach. Highlights:

• The nature and quantity of the product. In the presence of LVL, plastic, paper and other highly flammable materials, detectors with high sensitivity and resistance to interference are needed.
• Architecture and height of the room. High ceilings limit the use of standard spot detectors. Instead, linear smoke detectors are often used, capable of monitoring large volumes of air.
• Division into control zones. Zoning makes it easier to determine the trigger location and speeds up the response of personnel and control systems.
• Automation and interfacing. Modern ATP systems work in conjunction with automatic warning, extinguishing, ventilation control and emergency power outage systems. The project should provide for compatibility.

The sequence of project work

• Object analysis. It includes the collection of initial data, the analysis of potential risks and the definition of categories of premises.
• Formation of requirements. Together with the customer, a technical specification is being developed based on the standards and characteristics of the warehouse.
• Equipment selection. Based on the type of warehouse and the specifics of the stored materials, types of sensors, control devices, communication lines, and power sources are selected.
• Designing. Plans, wiring diagrams, cable routes, equipment specifications, and explanatory documents are being developed.
• Agreement. The documentation is submitted to the regulatory authorities for verification, if required.
• Installation and commissioning. After approval, the project enters the installation and commissioning stage.

Recommendations for choosing solutions

When choosing the type of alarm system, it is important to take into account not only the regulatory requirements, but also the logistics of the warehouse, the intensity of operation, and storage conditions. In some cases, it is advisable to install combined systems, such as smoke and heat detectors at the same time. Backup power and false alarm protection should also be provided.

 

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Automatic fire extinguishing systems are selected taking into account the specifics of the protected object, the types of possible fires, the availability of people and equipment. Three types are most widely used: water, gas and powder installations. The following is an analysis of their advantages and limitations with practical recommendations for use.

Water fire extinguishing systems

Water systems operate by supplying water through sprinklers or drain sprinklers. They are activated when the temperature rises or by a signal from an automatic fire alarm system.

Advantages:

• high fire extinguishing efficiency of classes A (solid combustible materials) and partly B (liquids);
• availability of water as a fire extinguishing agent;
• automation and ease of maintenance;
• reliability and long service life of the equipment.

Disadvantages:

• inability to use when extinguishing electrical appliances under voltage (Class E fires);
• risk of water damage to appliances, furniture, and finishes;
• They are ineffective in rooms with low temperatures — pipes may freeze.

Recommended use: sales halls, warehouses with combustible materials, administrative buildings, garages. They are not suitable for server rooms, archives, or libraries.

Gas fire extinguishing systems

Gas installations use inert gases or chemically active compounds that extinguish a fire by displacing oxygen or cooling the ignition source. Examples: carbon dioxide (CO₂), FM-200, Novec 1230.

Advantages:

• no damage to property (no traces remain after activation);
• suitable for extinguishing electrical equipment and flammable liquids;
• fast and uniform filling of the protected volume;
• they can work indoors without people.

Disadvantages:

• high cost of equipment and refueling;
• the need to seal rooms;
• carbon dioxide can be dangerous to humans at high concentrations.

Recommended use: server rooms, data centers, storage facilities, museums, archives, telecommunication hubs.

Powder fire extinguishing systems

Powder installations use finely dispersed powders that block oxygen access to the gorenje. They are effective against most classes of fires, including electric ones.

Advantages:

• versatility — extinguishing fires of classes A, B, C and E;
• quick effect in case of local fires;
• resistance to subzero temperatures;
• the possibility of modular placement.

Disadvantages:

• contamination of premises and equipment with powder;
• the need for complete cleaning of the protected space after operation;
• there may be breathing problems for people in the area of operation.

Recommended use: industrial premises, workshops, transformer substations, motor transport.

 

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The installation of a fire alarm system in apartment buildings is an important step in ensuring the safety of residents. Properly installed equipment allows you to quickly detect a fire and prevent its spread. Let’s look at the step-by-step process of installing a fire alarm system in a residential building.

Preparing for installation

Prior to installation, it is necessary to carry out preliminary preparations, which include an analysis of the facility, selection of equipment, and design of the system.

1. Evaluation of the object. An inspection of the building is being carried out, and places of increased risk of fire are being identified: electric utility rooms, kitchens, basements, and attics. Escape routes and alarm placement points are analyzed.
2. System selection. Depending on the type of building, addressable or non-addressable fire alarms are installed. Addressable systems allow you to accurately determine the location of the sensor, while non–addressable systems record the fact of a fire in the general circuit.
3. Project development. A diagram of the location of sensors, cable routes, control panels and warning devices is being drawn up. The project is approved in accordance with fire safety standards.

Installation of equipment

After the preparation, the installation of the fire alarm system begins.

1. Laying of cable lines. Cables are laid on walls, ceilings or inside cable boxes. When using wireless systems, transceivers are mounted.
2. Installation of detectors. Smoke, heat or combined sensors are placed in accordance with the design documentation. They are installed on the ceiling in rooms, corridors, stairwells.
3. Installation of the control panel. The central unit is located in a convenient location for maintenance, usually in the concierge room, control room or on the ground floor of the building.
4. Connection of the notification system. Sirens, light displays and other devices are being installed to notify residents of a fire.
5. Connection to the power supply system and backup sources. The PS is connected to the main network and rechargeable batteries, which ensure operation during a power outage.

Testing and launch

After installation, the system is configured and checked.

1. Hardware programming. The central panel is configured, and addresses are assigned to sensors (for address systems).
2. Health check. Sensors, a control unit, sirens, and backup power are being tested. Simulating smoke or heating allows you to verify the correct operation of the system.
3. Instructing residents. Responsible persons get acquainted with the principles of the PS operation, the procedure for dealing with a fire and the rules of equipment maintenance.

Maintenance and operation

After commissioning, it is important to carry out regular maintenance of the system.

• Sensors, control panel and sound signals are checked monthly.
• The performance of the entire system is tested quarterly.
• A complete diagnosis and replacement of faulty components is carried out annually.

Proper installation of a fire alarm system in a residential building allows timely detection of fire sources and prevention of serious consequences.

 

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Maintenance of fire extinguishing systems is a mandatory requirement for organizations whose activities are related to the operation of buildings and structures. Without regular inspections and maintenance, the equipment may fail, which will endanger human life and health. The conclusion of a service contract ensures the serviceability of installations, timely troubleshooting and compliance with legal requirements.

Main provisions of the agreement

The document contains key aspects of the interaction between the customer and the contractor. It specifies:

• A complete list of equipment to be serviced.
• The schedule and frequency of maintenance.
• Troubleshooting and emergency procedures.
• The responsibility of the parties for the fulfillment of the conditions.

Automatic and autonomous fire extinguishing systems, including water, gas, powder and aerosol installations, are subject to maintenance. Depending on the type of equipment, an individual technical work schedule is being developed.

Maintenance stages

The service is carried out in several stages. First of all, specialists carry out an external inspection of the equipment, check the integrity of pipelines, the operability of pumps and sensors. Then the automatic control system is diagnosed, the operation of valves, injectors and power supplies is tested.

As part of preventive measures, worn-out elements are replaced, fire extinguishing agent is refueled and the condition of backup water or gas sources is checked. If malfunctions are detected, they are eliminated in accordance with the terms of the contract.

Frequency of maintenance

Depending on the requirements of fire safety, inspections are carried out:

• Once a month – visual inspection and testing of the main components.
• Once a quarter, comprehensive testing is carried out to check the pressure and operability of the entire system.
• Once a year – complete diagnostics with disassembly of individual elements, flushing of pipelines and replacement of filters.

Timely maintenance prevents the risk of equipment failure in an emergency.

Cost and legal aspects

The cost of the contract depends on the amount of equipment, the complexity of the system and the frequency of inspections. The document sets out all the obligations of the parties, including the timing of emergency response.

For organizations, the conclusion of a contract is not only a necessity, but also a legal requirement. Failure to comply with fire safety standards can result in fines, suspension of operations, and even criminal liability.

The conclusion of a service contract is a guarantee of the serviceability of fire extinguishing systems, the prevention of emergency situations and the protection of people and property from fire.

 

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Fire safety instructions are an integral part of the fire protection system for people and property. They contain rules of conduct in case of fire, requirements for the operation of equipment and the evacuation procedure, which minimizes risks and prevents emergencies.

Basic requirements for fire safety instructions

The main purpose of the instructions is to ensure safe conditions at the enterprise, in public places and residential buildings. The document is being developed taking into account the specifics of the facility, its size, the number of people and the specifics of its activities. In Uzbekistan, fire safety instructions must comply with legal requirements, including those established by the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

The instructions are divided into general and special ones. The general requirements apply to all facilities and include basic fire safety rules, procedures in case of fire, and methods of extinguishing fires. Special instructions are developed for specific categories of premises, for example, production halls, warehouses, educational institutions or medical institutions.

One of the key elements of the instructions is the procedure for detecting a fire. According to the requirements, in case of a fire, it is necessary to immediately inform the fire department using emergency telephone numbers, take measures to extinguish the fire, if possible, and organize the evacuation of people. The document clearly outlines the responsibilities of each employee in an emergency situation, as well as the working procedure of those responsible.

Fire prevention is an important part of the instructions. They specify a list of prohibited actions, such as using faulty equipment, storing flammable substances without complying with regulations, or blocking escape routes. The document also sets out the requirements for regular maintenance of fire extinguishing systems, alarm systems and personal protective equipment.

Responsibility for following the instructions

Special attention is paid to staff training. According to regulatory requirements, employees must receive fire safety training at least once every six months. This allows you to maintain a high level of preparedness for possible emergencies. Heads of organizations are responsible for conducting briefings, as well as for monitoring compliance with fire safety regulations at the facility.

More detailed instructions are being developed for enterprises and organizations working with combustible materials. They specify the specifics of working with hazardous substances, the rules for their storage and methods of eliminating fires. Special attention is paid to the technical equipment of such facilities: they must be equipped with fire extinguishers, automatic fire extinguishing systems, smoke detectors and fire barriers.

In apartment buildings and residential complexes, fire safety instructions are distributed to residents, as well as placed in public places such as entrances and elevator halls. They include information about prohibited activities, evacuation procedures, and emergency phone numbers. It is important that every resident knows how to act in case of fire, as this can save lives.

Regular inspections of compliance with the requirements of the instructions are carried out by the state fire supervision authorities. During the inspections, experts assess the condition of the fire alarm system, the serviceability of evacuation exits, the availability of fire extinguishing equipment and the level of awareness of the staff. If violations are detected, organizations can be fined, and in case of serious deviations from the norms, they can be suspended until the deficiencies are eliminated.

Thus, fire safety instructions play an important role in preventing fires and protecting people. Their proper application, regular updating and compliance by employees and residents can significantly reduce risks and minimize possible losses in the event of a fire.

 

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A fire safety specialist performs a wide range of duties related to fire prevention, organization of fire prevention measures, and monitoring compliance with legal requirements. His work is aimed at reducing the risks of fire, protecting human life and health, as well as the safety of property.

The main task of the specialist is to develop and implement measures that ensure fire protection of the facility. To do this, he analyzes potential sources of ignition, evaluates fire risks and develops measures to minimize them. In addition, the specialist is responsible for maintaining the necessary documentation, develops instructions on fire safety and organizes training for employees in emergency situations.

In addition to organizing work within the company, a fire safety specialist must interact with regulatory authorities. He is responsible for the timely completion of inspections, the elimination of identified violations and the preparation of reports for the supervisory authorities. In case of accidents, he analyzes the causes of the fire, participates in the development of corrective measures and makes changes to the existing fire safety system.

Regular fire safety training is another important responsibility. Employees of the enterprise need to know the rules of conduct in case of fire, evacuation methods and methods of using primary fire extinguishing equipment. The specialist conducts briefings for new employees, as well as organizes scheduled classes for the entire team.

Maintenance and control of fire fighting equipment is an integral part of the job. The specialist monitors the condition of the fire alarm system, automatic extinguishing systems, escape exits and fire extinguishers. He conducts inspections, tests and organizes repairs if necessary.

In addition, the fire safety specialist develops evacuation plans, organizes exercises and evaluates their effectiveness. Its tasks include checking the accessibility of escape routes and the compliance of premises with safety standards.

The specialist’s work also includes an assessment of fire risks at the facility. He performs calculations, analyzes the likelihood of a fire, and develops recommendations for improving safety. It is important to take into account the specific features of each facility, such as the presence of combustible materials, layout features and the technological processes used.

Monitoring the fulfillment of fire safety requirements is also included in the list of duties of a specialist. He monitors compliance with the standards for the storage of flammable substances, the correct placement of fire extinguishers and the timely replacement of protective equipment. Special attention is paid to crowded places where the risk of fire is increased.

In modern conditions, fire safety requirements are constantly being tightened, so a specialist needs to constantly improve their skills, study changes in legislation and introduce new methods of fire protection. He is undergoing training, participating in seminars and following new technologies in the field of fire protection.

Thus, a fire safety specialist performs complex tasks aimed at ensuring the safety of people and property. Its activities cover both preventive measures and actions in emergency situations, as well as maintenance of fire protection systems. Thanks to its operation, possible threats are prevented, the security level of the facility is increased and the risks of fire are minimized.

 

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